HAPPY ‘FREE RANGE’ CHRISTMAS!
Perhaps the only thing to make a meat-eater more anxious than having a vegan to Christmas dinner is having the ethical omnivore.
“Is that a free-range turkey?” “Is this ham from a happy pig?” “I only eat free-range pudding.” At least with a vegan there’s a clear line – no animal products allowed on the plate.

But ethical omnivorism is a minefield – ‘free range’ has joined ‘natural’ in the meaningless stakes, especially with poultry, where most of the certification standards are generous, though not to the animals.
Meat chickens certified ‘free range’ by either the Free Range Egg and Poultry Association (FREPA) or the RSPCA can have up to 28kg of live birds per square metre. Given the average meat chook weighs less than 2kg, that’s going to be more than 14 chooks per square metre. According to Lilydale’s website, they offer double that space – which is still seven or more chooks per square metre.
While some may not be bothered by that stocking density, surely it’s a stretch to call it ‘free range’?
Egg chooks, of course, are often kept in cages their whole lives, but those certified free range must have some room to move around, though I’d argue that the RSPCA standard of 9 chooks per square metre is also really pushing the notion of ‘free range’.
So what eggs to buy? For the majority of Australians who live in cities and don’t have access to local producers like we do in the country, I’d say if you have room for chooks in your yard, raise some.
Failing that, look for eggs with the Humane Choice certification, which is the best one I’ve been able to find. RSPCA and FREPA, as I said, are not what I’d call free range.
For pigs, you’d think ‘free range’ would be quite straightforward, and it was, really, until ‘bred free range’ entered the market.
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9 Responses to this article
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Milk Maid Marian December 15, 2011
At least you can buy any brand of Australian dairy foods – they’re all free range!
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Charlotte Wood December 15, 2011
Hey Tammi and Hoopla gals, thanks heaps for this – I am so pissed off about FREPA as I when I did my own research on this a while back I thought they were the ones to follow – jeez it gets confusing. Which is why I try to buy all my meat via Feather & Bone or Urban Food Market, but I’m lucky as I live in Sydney so can do that. Anyway am going to have a look at your list and FlavourCrusader’s chook one too. Thanks for doing all this leg work for we piggy chickey gluttons.
Oh and i’ve taken to organic milk since your talk with MilkMaid Marion about dairy farmers being ripped off by the supermarkets… as far as i’m concerned the only way to make agriculture work in an acceptable way for animals is to make the business profitable enough for committed ‘sustainable’ farmers to stay in the game. So because I can afford it, I pay more. The idea of ripping farmers off blind is as horrible as making meat animals suffer while they’re alive . Anyway – end of blather. But thanks.
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Tammi Jonas December 16, 2011
Thanks for the comments, all. Marian, such an important point about dairy. In fact, I choose organic in many cases, but certainly not all, as Charlotte says, that matrix of things to support is incredibly complicated, but I put ethical treatment of animals, sustainable ag and support for farmers first. Sometimes that means organic, sometimes not. You can try to buy organic of the produce with the most pesticide residue, such as in this (American) list: http://www.thedailygreen.com/healthy-eating/eat-safe/dirty-dozen-foods#fbIndex1
Kid – I clearly don’t know enough about ‘Australian salmon’! I’d love to hear more – feel free to comment here or email me on tammois (at) gmail.com.
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Carol A December 15, 2011
Thank you so much for hightlighting ethical eating. The truth is hard to swallow. Literally. Not everyone is having a happy Christmas. Just ask factory farm animals. For those of you who care about animal cruelty please keep educating and informing people. This needs to be a mainstream issue. Pigs are social and intelligent animals, who naturally live in family groups and are arguably smarter than dogs. Yet on factory farms, these sentient beings are treated like machines on a production line. Most pregnant pigs in Australia are confined to lives of chronic suffering in ‘sow stalls’. These small cages are barely larger than a pig’s body. She can’t even turn around. Each year, we allow around 250,000 mother pigs to suffer in these devices. All living creatures deserve to live with dignity and die humanely. You can change the way animals in Australia live. I am a vegetarian of 40 years and my ethical eating guidance system is truly simple. I only eat what I would happily kill. Now for some of you this includes meat. OK. Pain and suffering need not apply. Please visit http://www.savebabe.com or http://www.voiceless.org.au
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milkmaidmarian December 15, 2011
Hi Charlotte – thanks for thinking of the farmers too! Organic is not necessarily the only way to make sure your milk dollar gets passed on. The way to do it is to buy dairy sold through farmer co-ops. Ours goes to become Devondale products, which are 100% owned by Australian dairy farmers.
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Kid December 15, 2011
Thanks for a very helpful and informative article.
Small whinge: “Australian salmon” is an incredibly misleading “marketing name” for a very ordinary fish which bears no resemblance to any kind of salmon. How they’ve gotten away with that particular fraud for so long is beyond me – but that’s an issue for another time
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Charlotte December 16, 2011
I agree, Kid – it is a weird substitute. The Sustainable seafood guide is a very bloody depressing book as almost all seafood we eat is verboten. But it has led me to lots more octopus – and oysters and mussels are allowed! hooray! Another great site is http://goodfishbadfish.com.au/ – check it out as it’s really well designed and written.
And Marion, thanks for clearing up that organic is not essential in order to support dairy farmers. Will look for Devondale too … it’s the balancing of farmer support + sustainable + ethical + local that gets people lost and confused I think, but any attempt is better than none I guess!
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